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- $Unique_ID{BRK04183}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Retrolental Fibroplasia}
- $Subject{Retrolental Fibroplasia Retinopathy of Prematurity RLF ROP }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1988 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 231:
- Retrolental Fibroplasia
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Retrolental Fibroplasia) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article
-
- Synonyms
-
- Retinopathy of Prematurity
- RLF
- ROP
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Retrolental Fibroplasia is a bilateral eye disorder characterized by
- abnormality of the retinal vessels. It occurs in premature infants with
- immature retinas who are exposed to oxygen in an incubator, and possibly to
- bright lights. The degree of sight impairment appears to be relative to the
- oxygen levels in incubators. Oxygen levels of 30% or more can cause more
- severe vision impairment.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Infants affected with Retrolental Fibroplasia are born prematurely, usually
- weighing less than 1500 gram (about 3 lbs.) at birth and are consequently
- placed in incubators. If too much oxygen is fed into the incubator, it
- results in initial constriction of the retinal blood vessels. Then
- obliteration of the small blood vessels occurs, especially in the temporal
- retinal periphery. This may be followed by the formation of new blood
- vessels. If severe, fibrovascular invasion of the vitreous or glass-like
- body of the eyeball, and retinal detachment may result. If mild, the
- abnormal vessels may regress and retention of useful vision is possible.
- Delayed scar changes occur in some infants during the first year, resulting
- in dragging of the retinal vessels and macula into a temporal retinal fold.
- Nearsightedness (myopia) is common. Other associated problems include
- glaucoma, retinal detachment (which causes blindness), or mental retardation
- (due to premature birth).
-
- Causes
-
- Retrolental Fibroplasia is caused by a premature infant's exposure to oxygen
- when blood vessels in the retina are already damaged or too immature. Other
- factors such as bright lights and even the oxygen normally present in the
- atmosphere may cause damage to the retina and therefore impair the infant's
- sight.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Retrolental Fibroplasia causes vision loss in approximately 2,600 American
- infants annually, and blindness in approximately 650. Premature infants who
- are exposed to a high concentration of oxygen after birth may develop
- Retrolental Fibroplasia. This condition affected numerous children born
- during the 1950's. After the cause was discovered, hospitals have reduced
- the amount of oxygen given to babies in incubators. As a result, the
- incidence of the disorder was significantly reduced.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Careful monitoring of the amount of oxygen used in the incubator is needed to
- minimize the incidence of Retrolental Fibroplasia as a complication of
- prematurity. The lowest concentration necessary for maintenance should be
- used. The ocular danger increases as the oxygen concentration is increased
- beyond 30%. An ophthalmologist should be consulted not only by the
- neonatologist, but also in later years so that long-term complications can be
- diagnosed and treated.
-
- A recently developed surgical procedure called open sky vitrectomy is
- used to repair a damaged or detached retina in an infant with Retrolental
- Fibroplasia. Extra small instruments have been developed for this surgery at
- the Eye Research Institute of Retina Foundation in Boston. This procedure is
- currently 38% successful.
-
- For evaluation of visual function, tests have been developed to measure
- the electrical responses made by the retina, the optic nerve, and the visual
- centers in the brain. The visually evoked response (VER), is evoked by
- changing light patterns. The electrical signals sent to the brain during
- this response are measured and registered in an electroretinogram.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers are investigating cryotherapy as a possible treatment for
- Retrolental Fibroplasia. Cryotherapy requires physicians to apply a probe
- cooled to minus eighty degrees Celsius (minus 179 degrees Fahrenheit) to the
- white area of the eye at points in front of the normal tissue line. The
- probe destroys cells at 50 or so points and forms a ring of scar tissue to
- prevent further abnormal growth of blood vessels. Researchers do not fully
- understand why freezing part of the undeveloped retina of the eye helps
- normal development. More testing is necessary to determine long-term effects
- of the treatment.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Retrolental Fibroplasia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- National Association for Parents of the Visually Impaired, Inc.
- P.O. Box 180806
- Austin, TX 78718
- (512) 459-6651
-
- National Association for the Visually Handicapped
- 305 East 24th Street, Room 17-C
- New York, NY 10010
- (212) 889-3141
-
- Eye Research Institute of Retina Foundation
- 20 Staniford St.
- Boston, MA 02114
- (617) 742-3140
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 2297.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 1854.
-
-